顧秀林：轉基因失敗的鐵證與中國繼續出口轉基因大米

兩則消息：一、孟山都的抗蟲玉米失效，華爾街時報報道；二、中國繼續出口非法Bt63大米

一、華爾街時報報道：孟山都的抗蟲玉米失效（8-29），下面是網頁截圖。

http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424053111904009304576532742267732046.html

 孟山都的這個抗蟲玉米品種，SmartStax,也屬于Bt類，目標害蟲是rootworm；該“生物技術”玉米中所含的抗蟲毒蛋白，是Cry3Bb1，今天全美國1/3的玉米都是這個品種了——我們看到，新技術推廣在美國是多么有效和有力，他們真的是依靠生物技術種田啊——中國的轉基因主流利益集團正在向你們看齊哈，快馬加鞭地追，追。

可是這次科學給了技術一個“出乎意料”：種植這種玉米3年以上的地方，靶標昆蟲表現出了抗性——僅僅需要3年。

美國的玉米地像海洋一樣遼闊，美國伊利諾伊大學和衣阿華大學的昆蟲學家發現，種了抗蟲轉基因玉米的田地里，已經有了靶標害蟲的危害。推廣轉基因玉米種植，開始是很受農民歡迎的，種地沒有蟲害該多么愜意！孟山都再次推出包含兩種抗蟲毒蛋白的新品種，打算修改原本20%的害蟲避難所規定，把它降低到5%！修改管理條例需要做例行研究，受委托的科學家走到玉米大田里，卻發現靶標昆蟲已經產生了抗性！

種植抗蟲的“生物技術”玉米新品種，在美國農業中引發的改變之一，是停止倒茬輪作——農場依賴上了高科技，就連續多年種植同一種莊稼——轉基因的玉米沒有害蟲沒有雜草，還怕什么呢？過去美國農場是玉米和大豆一年一換，這就是倒茬，這樣可以很容易地消滅雜草、控制害蟲，這一點天下的農民都知道。然而有了生物技術以后呢，倒茬用不著了，就是想倒茬也不能了——為什么？首先怪轉基因大豆。轉基因大豆抗除草劑，所以就可以放心地噴那“見綠殺”【中國農民對草甘膦“農達”的昵稱】，農產品中的殘留，被當做無害的成分吃到人和動物的肚子里，殘留在土壤中的草甘膦，繼續“見綠就殺”。農達殘留過高的土地，種不了抗蟲的玉米，只能繼續種轉基因大豆，種玉米的土地，也就不能倒茬了。

轉基因的偽生物技術，將帶給人類無邊的災難。這個災難緩慢地、無聲息地逼近我們。美國的“玉米帶”，在高科技的推動下，正在培育超級蟲。

種植轉基因大豆的美國20個州，已經培育出幾十種抗除草劑的超級草。生物技術調動起生態環境中的“變革”熱潮，生物在加速演化。

華爾街時報說了超級蟲有可能出現，可連美國環保署都不同意【孟山都更不會同意】，它認為下結論為時過早——是的，下結論還需要更多的證據，不幸，這證據將是農業受到損害的證據，是超級草、超級蟲的大量涌現，而不是在實驗室或者試驗田里的那種證據。

轉基因這科學、這技術很神奇、很新潮，它所需要的有害性“科學”證明，是滿世界活著的有抗性的超級草、超級蟲，還有吃死掉的人。

轉基因的抗蟲、抗除草劑的技術，全都失敗了。中國的Bt水稻如果被中國禁止，轉基因在全球的高歌猛進，就會偃旗息鼓了。

下面是華爾街時報的文章，我轉帖，沒有用于商業目的；作者的聯系方式也在下面。 

 By SCOTT KILMAN
Widely grown corn plants that Monsanto Co. genetically modified to thwart a voracious bug are falling prey to that very pest in a few Iowa fields, the first time a major Midwest scourge has developed resistance to a genetically modified crop.

The discovery raises concerns that the way some farmers are using biotech crops could spawn superbugs.

Iowa State University entomologist Aaron Gassmann's discovery that western corn rootworms in four northeast Iowa fields have evolved to resist the natural pesticide made by Monsanto's corn plant could encourage some farmers to switch to insect-proof seeds sold by competitors of the St. Louis crop biotechnology giant, and to return to spraying harsher synthetic insecticides on their fields.

"These are isolated cases, and it isn't clear how widespread the problem will become," said Dr. Gassmann in an interview. "But it is an early warning that management practices need to change."

The finding adds fuel to the race among crop biotechnology rivals to locate the next generation of genes that can protect plants from insects. Scientists at Monsanto and Syngenta AG of Basel, Switzerland, are already researching how to use a medical breakthrough called RNA interference to, among other things, make crops deadly for insects to eat. If this works, a bug munching on such a plant could ingest genetic code that turns off one of its essential genes.

Monsanto said its rootworm-resistant corn seed lines are working as it expected "on more than 99% of the acres planted with this technology" and that it is too early to know what the Iowa State University study means for farmers.

The discovery comes amid a debate about whether the genetically modified crops that now saturate the Farm Belt are changing how some farmers operate in undesirable ways.

These insect-proof and herbicide-resistant crops make farming so much easier that many growers rely heavily on the technology, violating a basic tenet of pest management, which warns that using one method year after year gives more opportunity for pests to adapt.

Monsanto is already at the center of this issue because of its success since the 1990s marketing seeds that grow into crops that can survive exposure to its Roundup herbicide, a glyphosate-based chemical known for its ability to kill almost anything green.

These seeds made it so convenient for farmers to spray Roundup that many farmers stopped using other weedkillers. As a result, say many scientists, superweeds immune to Roundup have spread to millions of acres in more than 20 states in the South and Midwest.

Monsanto became the first company to sell rootworm-resistant biotech corn to farmers in 2003. The seed contains a gene from a common soil microorganism called Bacillus thuringiensis, or Bt, from which crop biotechnology has been used to mine several genes for making insecticidal proteins.

One of the genes Monsanto developed makes a crystalline protein called Cry3Bb1. It rips apart the gut of the rootworm but is harmless to mammals, birds and most beneficial insects. Competitors, which use other Bt genes to attack the rootworm, estimate that roughly one-third of the corn grown in the U.S. carries Monsanto's Cry3Bb1 gene.

Monsanto said it generated world-wide sales of $4.26 billion from corn seed and biotechnology traits, about 40% of its overall sales, in its last full year.

Until insecticide-producing corn plants arrived, Midwest farmers typically tried to keep pests like the corn borer and the rootworm in check by changing what they grew in a field each year, often rotating between corn and soybeans. That way, the offspring of corn-loving insects would starve the next year.

Some farmers began to plant corn in the same field year after year. The financial incentive to grow corn has increased in recent years in part because the ethanol-fuel industry's exploding appetite for corn has helped to lift prices to very profitable levels for growers.

According to Dr. Gassmann, the Iowa fields in which he found rootworms resistant to the Cry3Bb1 toxin had been producing Monsanto's Bt-expressing corn continuously for at least three years. Dr. Gassmann collected rootworm beetles from four Iowa cornfields with plant damage in 2009. Their larvae were then fed corn containing Monsanto's Cry3Bb1 toxin. They had a survival rate three times that of control larvae that ate the same corn.

Dr. Gassmann found that Monsanto's Bt toxin still had some lethal impact on the larvae from the problem Iowa fields, and that the bugs were still highly susceptible to a rootworm-resistant corn plant from a competitor that uses a different Bt toxin, called Cry34/35Ab1.

Scientists in other Farm Belt states are also looking for signs that Monsanto's Bt corn might be losing its effectiveness. Mike Gray, a University of Illinois entomologist, said he is studying rootworm beetles he collected in northwest Illinois earlier this month from fields where Monsanto's Bt-expressing corn had suffered extensive rootworm damage.

The government requires that farmers who plant the genetically modified corn take certain steps aimed at preventing insects from developing resistance. Farmers are told to create a refuge for the bugs by planting non-modified corn in part of their fields. The refuge, which can be as much as 20% of a farmer's field, is supposed to reduce the chances that two toxin-resistant bugs mate and pass along that trait to their offspring.

Dr. Gray said the confirmation of toxin-resistant rootworms in Iowa could force the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to revisit its policy of allowing the size of these insect refuges to shrink to as little as 5% of a cornfield as crop biotechnology companies begin to sell seed for corn plants that can make two different rootworm-killing toxins.

Part of what has attracted some farmers to Monsanto's new SmartStax corn line is that it allows them to plant a smaller refuge. But one of the two anti-rootworm toxins in that variety is the Cry3Bb1 protein at the center of Dr. Gassmann's study.

The EPA said it is too early to comment on any implications arising from Dr. Gassmann's paper.

Write to Scott Kilman at [email protected]

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 二、歐盟最新食品安全通報：中國出口的“意式米粉”中再次發現非法的轉基因成分，即張啟發的那個“Bt63”.這至少是第116次在中國出口大米制品中被檢出這個“張氏轉基因”了。轉基因的“Bt63”，把中國媒體和轉基因利益集團的臉皮練成了一個超級品種，刀槍不入。張啟發對中國的毒害，無論怎樣估計都不為過！一個人的毒害能有如此之深廣，只有靠現代的高科技才能實現。所以，科學如果真的是第一生產力，它一定在同時也是第一破壞力，這樣理解高科技，才符合辯證法。

自從曹明華的文章在文匯報上刊發以來，僅僅一個多月，張啟發這個身家千萬元的大科霸親自經營的華農，也開始發出了輕輕的質疑——轉基因水稻技術，看起來真的是有問題的??！

輕輕的質疑，離開有力的行動，還有很長的距離。

下面是數據。感謝青島中安信食品安全技術有限公司。

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