直言了：美國：要錢、還是要盟友？

　　今年上半年，美國農(nóng)業(yè)部陸續(xù)發(fā)表了關(guān)于歐洲一些國家的轉(zhuǎn)基因食品作物的政策動向報告。從報告看，歐洲的科學(xué)技術(shù)相對落后的發(fā)展中國家則搞轉(zhuǎn)基因作物商業(yè)化種植，而科學(xué)技術(shù)發(fā)達(dá)的發(fā)達(dá)國家(尤其是美國的歐洲盟國)幾乎都是“清一色”地拒絕或禁止轉(zhuǎn)基因食品作物商業(yè)化、且針對對象主要就是美國。

　　歐洲是資本主義、工業(yè)現(xiàn)代化和現(xiàn)代科學(xué)的發(fā)源地。在那里，科學(xué)相對落后的國家樂意搞轉(zhuǎn)基因、而科學(xué)相對發(fā)達(dá)的國家卻拒絕或抵制(尤其是德國和俄國，他們的轉(zhuǎn)基因等生物化工技術(shù)一點不比美國差、甚至有些領(lǐng)域比美國還厲害，可他們卻是拒絕或禁止轉(zhuǎn)基因商業(yè)化的。難道搞起資本主義和工業(yè)現(xiàn)代化的國家就不知道用技術(shù)產(chǎn)品去賺錢么?)。這不夠發(fā)人深省么?可以說，為了極少數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)基因商業(yè)公司的短期金錢利益，美國正在失去它的歐洲盟友。

　　不管怎樣，中國農(nóng)業(yè)部官員為轉(zhuǎn)基因商業(yè)利益而總好拿歐盟當(dāng)局批準(zhǔn)了多少多少轉(zhuǎn)基因作物來誘騙中國民眾大吃轉(zhuǎn)基因的做法，是再次被扇了一大耳光。下面是來自美國農(nóng)業(yè)部相關(guān)報告的簡況部分的摘錄(截止本月14日)，有興趣者可到美國農(nóng)業(yè)部網(wǎng)站查詢閱讀全文原文。

　　一：奧地利：

　　Austria continues to be one of the leading forces in Europe opposed to the use of agricultural biotechnology. NGOs and farmer organizations, the food-processing sector, and the retail sector all have marketing campaigns promoting GMO-free foods. Austria is promoting the local production of non-biotech soybeans in the Danube region.

　　大意：奧地利繼續(xù)充當(dāng)歐洲的一個“反轉(zhuǎn)”領(lǐng)頭國家的角色;它的非官方組織、農(nóng)戶和食品加工以及零售行業(yè)都搞“非轉(zhuǎn)”食品。奧地利正在推廣非轉(zhuǎn)大豆生產(chǎn)。

　　一：德國：

　　Public rejection of genetically engineered (GE) plants is widespread, there is no commercial GE crop production, the government has banned the planting of some EU-approved GE crops, and practically no foods labeled as “GMO” are sold in Germany. Despite this, Germany is home to world-class companies that develop and supply GE seeds globally. Germany’s livestock industry is a major consumer of imported GE soybeans for use as animal feed. However, the industry is under steady pressure to move away from GE feeds. GE animals are currently not topical in Germany.

　　大意：德國的反轉(zhuǎn)在擴(kuò)展。德國沒有轉(zhuǎn)基因商業(yè)化種植，拒絕歐盟機(jī)構(gòu)核準(zhǔn)的轉(zhuǎn)基因作物。與此同時，德國具有世界一流的轉(zhuǎn)基因種子技術(shù)和公司。德國的畜牧業(yè)是轉(zhuǎn)基因飼料的客戶，但他們正在脫離轉(zhuǎn)基因飼料。

　　一、法國(2013)：

　　The Government of France is strongly opposed to the use of agricultural biotechnology and no biotech plants or animals are commercially produced currently. Other tools are promoted as a means to make French agriculture more economical and environmentally sustainable. In the case of retail food products, there are various voluntary labeling systems used, mainly as a marketing tool, to make clear that products do not have genetically engineered content. However, France is a net importer of feed ingredients and large quantities of soybean and corn products continue to be imported annually, mostly from the world's leading biotech producing countries. Despite major difficulties in conducting their work, basic and applied research in plant and animal biotechnology by French research institutions continues, as well as involvement in a variety of international programs.

　　大意：法國還是強(qiáng)烈抵制轉(zhuǎn)基因作物。然而，法國進(jìn)口大豆和玉米，且主要從轉(zhuǎn)基因作物生產(chǎn)國進(jìn)口(沒清楚說明進(jìn)口的用途。注：美國和歐盟簽署了保障有機(jī)食品供應(yīng)的合作條約。)。

　　一、意大利：

　　Italy’s debate between pro and anti-biotech parties continues without much progress. The general attitude towards GE crops in Italy remains hostile. To date, Italy has deemed its ‘Made in Italy’ campaign and its role as a leading organic crop producer as proscribing it from taking advantage of the gene revolution.

　　大意：意大利的挺轉(zhuǎn)和反轉(zhuǎn)的爭論還在繼續(xù)而無啥進(jìn)展。該國的公眾態(tài)度還是“仇轉(zhuǎn)”。該國用“意大利制造”的有機(jī)食品領(lǐng)先國的標(biāo)簽來抗衡轉(zhuǎn)基因食品作物而占得市場便宜。

　　一、荷蘭：

　　The Dutch government and agricultural sector have a pragmatic approach towards the import of genetically engineered (GE) agricultural products. However, crop trials and commercial cultivation of biotech crops are effectively prevented by cumbersome regulations and by the threat of protests from environmental groups. The Dutch livestock sector depends on feed imports from third countries which mainly consist of GE soybean meal. The livestock sector does not include any GE animals nor do Dutch agricultural research institutes have them for research purposes.

　　大意：荷蘭進(jìn)口轉(zhuǎn)基因飼料(主要從第三國進(jìn)口轉(zhuǎn)基因大豆飼料)，但不搞轉(zhuǎn)基因作物商業(yè)化種植。

　　一、保加利亞：

　　Consumers’ attitude in Bulgaria towards biotechnology remains negative. Anti-biotech media and non-Governmental Organizations (NGO’s) expand their alliances with new partners such as specialty crop growers and bee-keeping industry. In May 2013 at the National Parliamentary elections and in May 2014 at the European Parliament elections, the leaders in the organic and green movement openly participated in political events as representatives of the Green Party. The current Cabinet, appointed in May 2013, follows strict anti-biotech policies. Since May 2013 to date, Bulgaria voted against all new approvals of biotech products despite positive EFSA opinion. In June 2014 this policy resulted in a re-confirmation of the safeguard/legislative ban on the use of corn MON810 despite the fact that the ban was questioned by the EC and had no scientific justification.

　　大意：保加利亞對轉(zhuǎn)基因作物的態(tài)度還是負(fù)面的，并再次確定禁止轉(zhuǎn)基因作物MON810的使用。

　　一、羅馬尼亞：

　　Over the past year, Romania has preserved its position among the EU countries adopting modern agricultural biotechnology. Although the area planted with biotech corn slightly dropped from 834 hectares to 771 hectares this year, the increase in number of farmers planting biotech corn is notable (five compared to two the previous year).

　　大意：羅馬尼亞繼續(xù)商業(yè)化種植轉(zhuǎn)基因作物;其種植面積略減，但搞轉(zhuǎn)基因玉米種植的農(nóng)戶數(shù)量卻顯著增加。

　　一、西班牙：

　　Spain has an open approach to biotechnology and remains the European Union’s (EU’s) Member State with the largest area planted to GE crops. Field trials as well as confined research on genetically engineered (GE) plants and animals are permitted, although subject to prior notice and authorization. Regulatory constraints in the EU create an unattractive investment environment for seed companies and are negatively impacting the number of field trials being carried out. Spain’s position on cultivation decisions has evolved throughout the years towards a more open approach in what we understand as an attempt to open the door to the cultivation of new events.

　　大意：西班牙是歐盟國家里轉(zhuǎn)基因作物商業(yè)化種植面積最大的國家，并繼續(xù)對轉(zhuǎn)基因作物敞開大門。(注：美國農(nóng)業(yè)部關(guān)于該國農(nóng)業(yè)狀況的報告說，該國面臨大旱而農(nóng)作物產(chǎn)量猛跌。即：轉(zhuǎn)基因作物并沒有發(fā)揮其承諾的抗旱作用。)。

　　一、俄國：

　　Russia continues registration of Genetically Engineered (GE) crops for imports of food and feed in accordance with existing Russian legislature. In September 2013, the Russian Government initiated legislation for the registration of GE crops for cultivation starting July 2014. However, in June 2014 the Government delayed implementation of this legislation by three years, to 2017. Given that the registration process is estimated to take 5-6 years, cultivation of GE crop in Russia cannot be expected before 2013-2024. The Ministry of Agriculture, the main body responsible for any seed registration has been very conservative on the cultivation of GE crops. Labeling and information for consumers on the presence of GE ingredients in food products is regulated by the technical regulations of the Customs Union (CU) on safety and labeling of food products. These regulations require that products sold in CU member states must be labeled if they contain the presence of over 0.9 percent of GE lines in food products. CU technical regulation for feed has not been adopted yet. However, feed sold in Russia is subject to Russian regulations that does not require labeling of GE feed, but does require registration of GE lines for use in feed, and requires registration of feed as GE feed if the presence of registered lines is over 0.9 percent and the presence of non-registered lines is over 0.5 percent.

　　大意：俄國繼續(xù)執(zhí)行轉(zhuǎn)基因作物的進(jìn)口登記，但該國推遲了相關(guān)使用登記，意味著2023到2024年之前，該國不會有轉(zhuǎn)基因作物商業(yè)化種植。(目前，美國農(nóng)業(yè)部的世界各國農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展?fàn)顟B(tài)報告大都是年報或季報、少量為月報;而對俄國，則是用“半月刊”方式、即每兩周搞一次;可是，俄國目前還不是農(nóng)業(yè)領(lǐng)域的世界頭號行列的國家。可見，轉(zhuǎn)基因食品作物商業(yè)化和全球化所帶來的世界地緣政治的影響和意義是越來越顯著了。)。

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