首屆世界民族飲食文化與食品安全國際研討會在云南財經(jīng)大學(xué)召開 http://t.cn/zQb1Ek9
云南財大轉(zhuǎn)基因食品安全國際研討會發(fā)言提綱
2013年7月9日
趙 華
前言
大家好!我是上海影視編劇。我創(chuàng)作并播出的電視劇有香港影星張柏芝主演的《周璇》等3部90集。自2010年起我成為中國食品安全志愿者。原因是看到了《國際先驅(qū)導(dǎo)報》記者金微那個令人震驚的報道《老鼠不見了》。原來美國杜邦先鋒公司在中國大面積推廣種植的假冒雜交品種轉(zhuǎn)基因玉米“先玉335”，竟然是滅鼠藥和打胎、絕育藥!這類美國環(huán)保署作為“殺蟲劑產(chǎn)品”監(jiān)管的轉(zhuǎn)基因生物怎么能做禽畜飼料，甚至給人吃?豈不是拿人做小白鼠?
經(jīng)過近3年的學(xué)習(xí)、研究和跟蹤，我發(fā)現(xiàn)了轉(zhuǎn)基因食品的兩大秘密：
第一個秘密是：對轉(zhuǎn)基因食品食用安全的判斷，完全是美國孟山都公司操控的所謂權(quán)威國際組織掩蓋轉(zhuǎn)基因食品危害真相的天大謊言。轉(zhuǎn)基因食品根本過不了104周長期動物試驗的關(guān)。長期毒理學(xué)動物試驗結(jié)果，一定是法國和俄羅斯科學(xué)家得出的結(jié)論：致癌和絕育!
順便在此報告一下塞拉利尼先生：您的轉(zhuǎn)基因玉米兩年期SD大鼠喂養(yǎng)試驗并不是全世界第一個轉(zhuǎn)基因食品長期毒理學(xué)試驗。此前還有兩個轉(zhuǎn)基因大豆的104周動物試驗論文發(fā)表。第一個是日本人坂本義光等11人用日文發(fā)表在日本《食衛(wèi)志》雜志2008年8月第49卷第4期的104周動物喂養(yǎng)試驗論文，結(jié)論是轉(zhuǎn)基因大豆對SD大鼠無害。〔1〕但他們用的轉(zhuǎn)基因大豆是先鋒品牌的轉(zhuǎn)基因大豆品種“90B72”，草甘膦除草劑殘留量僅0.01ppm，受試物明顯是假樣品。這個消息是全力攻擊您的轉(zhuǎn)基因試驗的英國“科學(xué)媒介中心”中國分部主任賈鶴鵬告訴我的。第二個是俄羅斯全國基因安全協(xié)會和生態(tài)與環(huán)境問題研究所科學(xué)家阿列克謝索羅夫等人用俄文發(fā)表在俄羅斯《農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)紀(jì)事》雜志2010年第8卷第3期的104周坎貝爾倉鼠喂養(yǎng)試驗論文，結(jié)論是轉(zhuǎn)基因大豆使倉鼠三代絕種。〔2〕
第二個秘密是：是中國拯救了全球轉(zhuǎn)基因食品產(chǎn)業(yè)。而中國所有市售轉(zhuǎn)基因食品，均未依法獲得衛(wèi)生部“新資源食品”批準(zhǔn)文號、全屬非法食品。這是全球轉(zhuǎn)基因食品監(jiān)管丑聞中最大的丑聞!
我提交本次會議的論文談的是上述第二個秘密：中國轉(zhuǎn)基因食品監(jiān)管法規(guī)及非法操作情況。
第一個問題：中國轉(zhuǎn)基因食品監(jiān)管法規(guī)及其執(zhí)行情況
中國轉(zhuǎn)基因食品監(jiān)管法規(guī)一開始還是很嚴(yán)格的。2002年7月1日生效的《轉(zhuǎn)基因食品衛(wèi)生管理辦法》明確規(guī)定：未經(jīng)衛(wèi)生部批準(zhǔn)的轉(zhuǎn)基因食品不得生產(chǎn)或進(jìn)口，也不得用作食品或食品原料。但是，這個5年零5個月內(nèi)從未得到執(zhí)行的《辦法》于2007年12月 1日被突然廢止。
盡管如此，按照2009年6月1日生效的《食品安全法》：使用包括轉(zhuǎn)基因食品在內(nèi)的“新的食品原料”從事食品生產(chǎn)，還是應(yīng)當(dāng)獲得衛(wèi)生部的行政許可。但這個法律規(guī)定仍然沒有得到執(zhí)行，衛(wèi)生部至今沒有批準(zhǔn)過任何轉(zhuǎn)基因食品。
也就是說，中國市場上長期大規(guī)模銷售的轉(zhuǎn)基因食用油等所有轉(zhuǎn)基因食品都沒有依法獲得過衛(wèi)生部“新資源食品”批準(zhǔn)文號，全是“非法食品”。中國轉(zhuǎn)基因食品監(jiān)管法規(guī)完全等于一紙空文。
第二個問題：中國政府轉(zhuǎn)基因食品監(jiān)管非法操作情況
既然衛(wèi)生部從未批準(zhǔn)過任何轉(zhuǎn)基因食品，究竟是誰批準(zhǔn)了每年進(jìn)口五六千萬噸轉(zhuǎn)基因大豆、以及轉(zhuǎn)基因食用油等轉(zhuǎn)基因食品在中國大規(guī)模銷售的?原來是農(nóng)業(yè)部。但農(nóng)業(yè)部是主管“轉(zhuǎn)基因生物”的，根本就無權(quán)監(jiān)管“轉(zhuǎn)基因食品”。由農(nóng)業(yè)部取代衛(wèi)生部批準(zhǔn)轉(zhuǎn)基因食品進(jìn)口和上市銷售，純屬非法操作。這種非法操作主要有三種情況。
第一種情況：農(nóng)業(yè)部非法批準(zhǔn)進(jìn)口轉(zhuǎn)基因大豆等食品加工原料
2001年5月，中國國務(wù)院頒布了《農(nóng)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)基因生物安全管理條例》，設(shè)定了270日的安全評價期。2002年7月，衛(wèi)生部的《轉(zhuǎn)基因食品衛(wèi)生管理辦法》也開始生效。由于這些監(jiān)管措施的實施，2002年中國進(jìn)口轉(zhuǎn)基因大豆比上年大減，使美國政府很緊張。因為2001年11月歐盟新的轉(zhuǎn)基因法規(guī)決定強制標(biāo)識轉(zhuǎn)基因食品，阻礙了美國轉(zhuǎn)基因食品的進(jìn)口。美國非常擔(dān)心在中國重蹈歐盟覆轍，加緊來華公關(guān)，希望中方簡化轉(zhuǎn)基因食品監(jiān)管規(guī)則。
2002年美國小布什總統(tǒng)兩次訪華，要求中國取消對進(jìn)口轉(zhuǎn)基因大豆的 270日安全評價期，理由是會“給孟山都公司帶來巨大損失”。他成功了。2002年3月中國農(nóng)業(yè)部發(fā)布了《轉(zhuǎn)基因農(nóng)產(chǎn)品安全管理臨時措施》，規(guī)定當(dāng)年境外公司可持本國機構(gòu)出具的安全評價文件向中國農(nóng)業(yè)部申請，不需要中國政府進(jìn)行安全評價驗證，就可獲得向中國出口轉(zhuǎn)基因農(nóng)產(chǎn)品“臨時證明”，并且兩次將這個“臨時措施”的有效期延長到2004年4月20日。
與此同時，衛(wèi)生部的《轉(zhuǎn)基因食品衛(wèi)生管理辦法》生效后僅 4個月就被迫停擺。此后衛(wèi)生部就不再對進(jìn)口轉(zhuǎn)基因大豆等“轉(zhuǎn)基因食品原料”進(jìn)行安全評價驗證和審批了。結(jié)果是，只要農(nóng)業(yè)部批準(zhǔn)海關(guān)即可放行轉(zhuǎn)基因大豆進(jìn)口。而根據(jù)當(dāng)時有效的《食品衛(wèi)生法》和《轉(zhuǎn)基因食品衛(wèi)生管理辦法》，農(nóng)業(yè)部根本沒有單獨批準(zhǔn)“轉(zhuǎn)基因食品”進(jìn)口的權(quán)限。國務(wù)院讓衛(wèi)生部出局的操作完全非法。
更嚴(yán)重的非法操作是農(nóng)業(yè)部聯(lián)手中國疾控中心，在進(jìn)口轉(zhuǎn)基因大豆安全評價上造假。2004年 2月農(nóng)業(yè)部批準(zhǔn)孟山都公司的轉(zhuǎn)基因大豆“GTS40-3-2”進(jìn)口依據(jù)的是中國疾控中心“營養(yǎng)與食品安全所”出具的《食用安全評價報告》。而據(jù)顧秀林教授等人查證，該報告介紹的 6個動物實驗并非“營養(yǎng)與食品安全研究所”自己獨立所做，全部來自孟山都公司1996年的一篇“營養(yǎng)學(xué)”論文《抗草甘膦除草劑大豆喂養(yǎng)大鼠、雞、鯰魚和奶牛的飼用價值(The feeding value of soybeans fed to rats, chicken, catfish and dairy cattle is not altered by genetic incorporation of glyphosate tolerance)》。
也就是說，農(nóng)業(yè)部頒發(fā)的第一個進(jìn)口轉(zhuǎn)基因大豆安全證書，就是通過偽造安全評價報告的犯罪手段炮制的。再加上排除了衛(wèi)生部的食用安全評價驗證，中國政府批準(zhǔn)孟山都的轉(zhuǎn)基因大豆“GTS40-3-2 ”進(jìn)口，實屬“雙重違法”操作。
從那時起直到現(xiàn)在，至少在非法排除衛(wèi)生部安全評價驗證和行政許可這一點上，農(nóng)業(yè)部批準(zhǔn)進(jìn)口轉(zhuǎn)基因大豆等所有轉(zhuǎn)基因食品加工原料全屬非法操作。“金龍魚”等使用進(jìn)口轉(zhuǎn)基因大豆生產(chǎn)的轉(zhuǎn)基因食用油等加工食品，不經(jīng)衛(wèi)生部的行政許可就被允許在市場上大規(guī)模銷售，同樣是非法操作。
由此可見，農(nóng)業(yè)部副部長陳曉華在今年兩會新聞發(fā)布會上所說的中國政府對轉(zhuǎn)基因食品的監(jiān)管“處于世界領(lǐng)先地位”， 從監(jiān)管之初起就是個天大的謊言。
農(nóng)業(yè)部非法批準(zhǔn)大規(guī)模進(jìn)口美國轉(zhuǎn)基因大豆，使中國成為世界轉(zhuǎn)基因食品的最大市場，一舉拯救了21世紀(jì)初就面臨淘汰的美國轉(zhuǎn)基因食品產(chǎn)業(yè)。孟山都公司也由此絕處逢生，開始它危害全人類的轉(zhuǎn)基因食品市場大擴張。因此，中國政府對轉(zhuǎn)基因食品的全球大泛濫，應(yīng)負(fù)最大的罪責(zé)。
第二種情況：農(nóng)業(yè)部非法批準(zhǔn)轉(zhuǎn)基因蔬菜、水果的種植和銷售
截至 2012年農(nóng)業(yè)部總共頒發(fā)了1100份轉(zhuǎn)基因生物安全證書，其中除了轉(zhuǎn)基因棉花和進(jìn)口轉(zhuǎn)基因食品加工原料，究竟有多少是轉(zhuǎn)基因蔬菜和水果，農(nóng)業(yè)部從未公布過。農(nóng)業(yè)部2003年公布的“第一批實施標(biāo)識管理的農(nóng)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)基因生物目錄”包括棉花種子、大豆、玉米、油菜和番茄五類17種。至今10年過去了，農(nóng)業(yè)部再也沒公布過“第二批目錄”。而據(jù)媒體報道，農(nóng)業(yè)部至少還批準(zhǔn)了轉(zhuǎn)基因甜椒和木瓜的種植和銷售，都沒有依法標(biāo)識。
農(nóng)業(yè)部官員公開說，除農(nóng)業(yè)部第一批目錄規(guī)定的5類17種外，將來絕大部分轉(zhuǎn)基因食品都不再標(biāo)識了。這既違反了當(dāng)時的《轉(zhuǎn)基因食品衛(wèi)生管理辦法》，又違反了《農(nóng)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)基因生物標(biāo)識管理辦法》，是明目張膽的“雙重非法”操作。而2010年設(shè)立的中國食品安全最高監(jiān)管機構(gòu)“國務(wù)院食品安全委員會”，對此從未過問。
第三種情況：農(nóng)業(yè)部非法縱容庇護(hù)未獲批準(zhǔn)及假冒雜交轉(zhuǎn)基因作物的大規(guī)模種植和銷售
農(nóng)業(yè)部2009年悄悄給張啟發(fā)院士的兩種轉(zhuǎn)基因水稻和范云六院士的一種轉(zhuǎn)基因玉米頒發(fā)安全證書的事曝光后，民間抵制轉(zhuǎn)基因食品的聲音越來越大。而張啟發(fā)的轉(zhuǎn)基因水稻在未依法獲準(zhǔn)種植之前，就已大規(guī)模非法種植，并通過加工食品流入國內(nèi)市場和出口國外。但農(nóng)業(yè)部公然加以縱容，沒有對違法者進(jìn)行任何調(diào)查懲處，以致中國出口歐盟的米制品中，已經(jīng)多次被查獲含有“非法轉(zhuǎn)基因”成分，并加以通報。
更嚴(yán)重的災(zāi)難是轉(zhuǎn)基因玉米的大規(guī)模非法種植。2012年，國家轉(zhuǎn)基因玉米專項負(fù)責(zé)人戴景瑞院士說，中國轉(zhuǎn)基因玉米種植面積已達(dá)6000多萬畝。據(jù)玉米專家佟屏亞說，其中大部分是美國杜邦先鋒公司假冒雜交品種的轉(zhuǎn)基因玉米“先玉 335”。早在2010年9月，媒體就報道了先玉335玉米是轉(zhuǎn)基因品種和大規(guī)模種植先玉335造成山西、吉林兩省田鼠大規(guī)模滅絕的生態(tài)和畜牧業(yè)災(zāi)難。但農(nóng)業(yè)部極力掩蓋真相，沒有采取任何救災(zāi)措施，公然庇護(hù)美國公司的非法行為，完全不顧本國利益。
先玉 335轉(zhuǎn)基因玉米大多用作禽畜飼料，但也難保不以“玉米粉”形式流入食品生產(chǎn)鏈條。因此，包括非法轉(zhuǎn)基因大米流入食品銷售鏈條在內(nèi)，衛(wèi)生部沒有行使對轉(zhuǎn)基因“食品”的法定監(jiān)管權(quán)，實屬瀆職。而衛(wèi)生部、農(nóng)業(yè)部和國務(wù)院食品安全委員會的上述瀆職犯罪行為，從未受到查處和法律追究。
農(nóng)業(yè)部轉(zhuǎn)基因食品監(jiān)管非法操作的最新情況是，6月份農(nóng)業(yè)部又批準(zhǔn)了孟山都和巴斯夫的3種轉(zhuǎn)基因大豆進(jìn)口。而根據(jù)孟山都的“RR2”抗蟲疊加抗除草劑轉(zhuǎn)基因大豆申請書，RR2連輸出國美國本國的三大轉(zhuǎn)基因食品監(jiān)管機構(gòu)FDA、農(nóng)業(yè)部和環(huán)保署都沒有批準(zhǔn)商業(yè)化銷售。由此可見，中國政府轉(zhuǎn)基因食品監(jiān)管的非法操作，實屬世界之最。
最后希望各位外國朋友幫我個忙。我打算寫一部《孟山都的全球轉(zhuǎn)基因戰(zhàn)爭》小說并改編成電影劇本，請外國朋友發(fā)郵件告訴我發(fā)生在您身邊的“轉(zhuǎn)基因戰(zhàn)爭”故事。語言不是問題，谷歌機器翻譯可以幫助我。
謝謝大家!
〔注釋〕
〔1〕日文論文英文摘要及pdf文件下載地址http://t.cn/zTwuQ99
〔2〕俄文論文 http://t.cn/zWfJdtP 有圖論文PDF http://t.cn/zWfJdtv
顧秀林教授的英文翻譯
An Investigation into illegal operation of GMO Food Supervision
I have been a playwright with many well received works including TV series published. However since September 2010, I became a food safety campaigner, the very reason is a report I read under the title “Rats are disappearing”. DuPont Company promoted a GMO corn species under the guide of cross-breeding to China, sowed to millions of hectors and wiped out rats in many places, and it is turn out to be good for abortion!
I stopped my playwright work and devoted into the anti-GMO campaign. This is my vow: fight until the GMO is driven out of China!
I focused on the government supervision regulations on GMO and the implementation of the measures. To my surprise, I found all safety proofs issued by the Ministry of Agriculture (MOA) to GMO soy bean imports are false and illegal; it is no doubt the biggest scandal in the whole business.
I.The related regulations and their implementation
The 2002-7-1 “Hygiene Regulation Codes on GMO Food" states: nothing of GMO could be produced, imported or processed as food without an official approval by the MOH. However it had never been implemented within the 5 years and 5 months before it was repealed suddenly on 1st December, 2007. .
A New measure, enacted on 1st June 2009, called “Food Safety Law”, ordered that “new source food materials” which includes the GMO, must acquire permit from MOH beforehand. Another regulation, “Health Related Product Hygiene Regulation Procedure” enacted from 1st June 2006 indicated that, new source food must marketed with a permit code as the medicines do. However, the MOH has never issued any permit since.
In another words, none of the GMO foods, no matter marketed in what magnitude, all were illegal.
II.Investigation of illegal operations of GMO supervition
Without an official permit from MOH, the GMO soy beans have been imported in a scale of dozens of million tons per year, and Chinese people are consuming all kinds of domestically developed GMO vegetables and fruits, such as papaya. The Ministry of Agriculture, MOA, has taken over the MOH’s role to decide safety for food, completely exceeded its authority.
1.The MOA issue permit to GMO soy and corn for “processing”
The State Department of China issued “Safety Regulations on Agricultural GMOs” in May 2001, put a 270-day appraisal time duration on GMO. Then in July 2002 the MOH “Hygiene Regulation Codes on GMO Food" was enacted. The US Government was annoyed and pressed Chinese government through public relation tricks.
In 2002 President Bush jr. visited China, required cancelation of the 270-day appraisal period under the excuse that Monsanto Company might suffer economic loss. Right after in March 2002, the MOA issued “Affiche of Temporary Measures on GMO Agricultural Goods”, allowing foreign companies a privilege to export GMO to China with their own safety documents, no need to apply for permit nor safety check. This temporary measure was extended to April 2004.
As a matter of fact, the MOH “Hygiene Regulation Codes on GMO Food" had lost its effectiveness only 4 months after been issued. From then on, the MOH has never again been involved with the safety issues of GMO, giving the MOA the exclusive authority to approve GMO import. According to “Law of Food Hygiene” and “Hygiene Regulation Codes on GMO Food", MOA has no such authority on food safety issues, apart from supervising environmental safety of GMO plants.
The State Department illegally pushed the MOH out of the game.
A worse case is the false safety evaluation on GMO soy beans from Monsanto Company, an approval was issued in Feb. 2004 based on an appraisal by Chinese CDC’s Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety, which copied all evidence from a Monsanto’s 1996 report: The feeding value of soybeans fed to rats, chicken, catfish and dairy cattle is not altered by genetic incorporation of glyphosate tolerance。
In a word, the MOA’s first safety license was issued based on a totally false condition, and without MOH’s food safety check, importation of Monsanto’s GMO soy bean of GTS40-3-2 trait to China actually violated many laws and was against many related regulations.
Since then, all the granted license to GMO soy bean import to process for human food in China are illegal, which covered every batch of GMO import. All marketed cooking oil in China is in exactly same situation.
MOA has made China the biggest GMO market, and saved the once falling GMO industry in the USA. Monsanto Company has been unexpected rescued from a desperate situation, thanks to the Chinese Government.
2.MOA illegally issued safety license to vegetables and fruits to grow and sell in China
More than 1100 safety licenses have been issued by MOA, by 2012. MOA refuses to release the list of approved items.
Labeling on GMO food stuff is required by law. However only in 2003 the MOA for once released the license of 17 GMO crops, i.e., cotton, soy bean, corn, rapeseed and tomato; and never upgraded it.
An official openly said that it is no need to label anything except the 2003 licensed GMO items. This misconduct has never been addressed.
3.MOA covers up illegal growing of unapproved GMO species and pseudo hybrid crops
A turning point was the 2009 GMO rice and corn safety licenses issued to Chinese GMO developers. The general public started to protest, however GMO rice and corn have been illegally grown and consumed before the year, and was even discovered from exported food items. No actions has been taken on this side, while the EU has been announcing that illegal GMO was found in rice products from China.
Worst is the wide spread illegal GMO maize/corn. According to the leader of GMO corn national project,4 million hectares of DuPont corn species (and some others) have been grown for years, ecological abnormity are shown in the extinction of field rats, and so on. But the MOA has done nothing but cover-up.
The DuPont GMO corn is mostly but not exclusively used as animal feed. No guarantee for human food not get contaminated by it.
The MOH gave up its authority in guarding food safety for Chinese people.
Misconduct of MOA, MOH, and State Department have not been investigated and dealt with by legal means.
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